DAILOGUE ON ENERGY TRANSITION PLAN (ETP) 22ND APRIL 2024 HELD AT ALGATE HOTEL GRA, PORT HARCOURT, NIGERIA.
The dialogue was moderated by Smith Nwokocha (Coordinator, Quest For Growth and Development Foundation).
In a remark, Friday Nbani of Lekeh Foundation, said the Nigeria Energy Transition Plan document was launched in 2021 at Glasgow COP26 and Nigeria endorsed the document and by 2060 Nigeria will phase out fossil fuels to Renewable Energy. The implication of the document in the Niger Delta people and how it is in line with NDC in achieving net-zero 2060. Nigeria is taking step by step to achieve or move away from dirty energy to clean energy.
Dr. Gberemene Kpae, a Lecturer at the University of Port Harcourt, did a presentation on the “Overview of the Nigeria Energy Transition Plan”. He looked at the introduction, objectives of the Energy Transition plan, and how realistic the policies will be. What informed the Nigerian Government on taking such action? Every country will go back home and design how to phase out fossil fuels. Nigerian Former Vice President Yemi Osinbajo oversaw the Energy Transition Plan for Nigeria, and he emphasized that, it’s the Nigerian Government’s Commitment to reducing greenhouse gas emission. The following ways according to Dr. G. Kpae are how to realize Nigeria’s Energy Transition Plan: 1) ETP shall identify and support low-carbon energy works for low-income Nigerians particularly in those rural and semi-urban centres. 2) Innovation in natural gas infrastructure development. 3) Modernize Biomass Utilization. 4) Improve Energy Efficiency in Small and Medium Businesses (SMEs). 5) Harmonize Climate Change Policies. He went further to highlight some of the Challenges of Implementing the Nigerian National Energy Transition Plan, which includes (a) Financing (b) Policy and regulation (c) Human Capital (d) Public Awareness and Acceptance (e) Lack of Purchasing Power. In conclusion, he re-emphasized that, Climate Change is something we are all experiencing, it is paramount to phase out fossil fuels and the Government has been able to come out with a policy that enables this to happen, the Nigeria Energy Transition Plan.
The Facilitator, Dr Grace Alawa of Rivers State University, Port Harcourt, expatiated on the “Implications of Nigeria Energy Transition Plan in the Niger Delta”. She said the ETP came out in 2022 and before it came out, we already had the NDC that addresses issues on Climate Change. This is an Academic Session, and she emphasized participants should have a copy of the Petroleum Industry Act (PIA). She said, the Niger Deltans are the ones on the front burner of Fossil fuel extraction and feel the impact the most. In her words, “to ensure that the energy transition plan aligns with the NDC”, each of us are stakeholder in achieving reduced emissions. She highlighted the following as the implications of ETP in the Niger Delta: (a) Our livelihood is tied to the petrol/oil in our lands, yet the common people are suffering and poor. (b) Moving to Renewable Energy sources, can the average person achieve it? Niger Delta is so blessed with natural resources. Oil has been drilled since the 50s, how many persons have benefited from it? The impact on the livelihood and jobs of the Niger Deltans is clear. What is the fate of the common persons in the Niger Delta? Potential Implications: are 1). Joblessness in the region 2) More concerns on the environment. 3) Energy Access/Affordability. 4) Community Participation/Involvement. Recommendation: Conducting Social and Thorough Impact Assessment. Also, Engage in Inclusive Community Development.
The outcome of the Interactive Session moderated by Stella Amanie of Society For Women and Youth Affairs is as follows: States should domesticate the NDCs and ETP as well. Countries like Nigeria that depends on petrol, it might be difficult for the political class to allow the actualization of the ETP. The ETP should include manpower skills and support. In recent times, there is a transition to Artificial intelligence (A.I) and the future is unpredictable, a project timeline should be brought forth. Also, Accountability of funding/funds received should be a priority. The Nigerian government can also start by ensuring that emission is reduced to at least 40%, it will be a good start. Harmonization of policies (Government Policies) is so essential around the Energy Transition plan because there are too many policies, and these policies can be put together on a single document as a pathway to achieving the ETP. Let’s Advocate that the Federal government should domesticate the ETP to States that know the roles of the Communities and every actor will key in. An important action to take, is for CSOs to possibly create an ETP Initiative or Forum, do a lot of Advocacy around the ETP Initiative and begin to engage the Government at different levels, the MDAs and Energy Sector as well. The ETP document is actualize, though the ETP is in an Exclusive List of the Federal Government and the Academics need to be engaged in this document. There is a need for Regional Conference in the Niger Delta, where we have in attendance, the organized Private Sector (because they will invest in the Energy Sector), the Academia (They will do the research) and the Civil Societies (They will enable the Advocacy part) and the Government as well, because they will enact the policies. We need to have an expanded focus. Do more stakeholder engagement, for more aggressive awareness of the Energy Transition Plan. The ETP plan should be segmented from short-term to medium-term and long-term, and this segmentation should have targets too. Government willingness in commitment to implement a deadline for Gas flaring, for instance, has been moved severally and the IOCs find it easy to default and pay for the penalties because they are not heavy. Finally, advocating for strong legislation.
The Organizing Partners are Global Initiative For Food Security and Ecosystem Preservation (GIFSEP), Vote4Climate, Lekeh Foundation, Society For Women and Youth Affairs and Quest For Growth and Development Foundation.
Press Release: Don’t Gas Africa reacts to Senegal’s climate finance deal
Campaign group Don’t Gas Africa has raised concerns about the $2.5 billion deal signed yesterday by Senegal at the Summit for New Global Financing Pact taking place in Paris. France.
The Senegal deal, called the Just Energy Transition Partnership (JETP), brings together Senegal, France, Germany, the United Kingdom, Canada, and the European Union in a pact to boost the West African country’s investment in renewable energy.
While this partnership is commendable, we find that Clause 7 of JETP is suspect and detrimental to global efforts to transition from fossil fuels to clean and sustainable energy forms.
The specific clause reads: “Senegal intends to use its natural gas resources as a transitional energy in the perspective of a low-carbon and climate change resilient socio-economic development leading to a significant decrease in emissions compared to the baseline scenario (BAU) of the energy sector as defined in the 2020 NDC, through a gradual phase- out of heavy fuel oils.”
Consequently, we wish to say as follows:
Bhekumuzi Dean Bhebhe, a campaigner at Don’t Gas Africa:
“This is unacceptable. If implemented in the current design, the deal will lock Senegal in a trap of fossil-fuel dependence. Claiming to use natural gas as a “transitional fuel” is shocking. Gas is not a “transition” fuel. Gas is not green. Gas is not clean.’’
“It is vital that Senegal does not get shackled to outdated fossil fuel infrastructure. This will be a waste of investment. Instead, we need to pump more money into renewables as the energy of the future.’’
Mohamed Adow of Power Shift Africa, said:
‘‘This is an outrageous position coming from a former colonial master and shows how
Macron is using his economic might to dictate energy policies in Africa for the benefit of the
West. Rather than being Europe’s gas station, Africa needs investments to facilitate its transition to renewables. Africa did not use landline phone technology to transition to mobile technology. Instead, it leapfrogged that old technology. Europeans burning gas, whether in Europe or elsewhere in the world, will only accelerate the climate crisis in Africa. What Africa needs is Europe to decarbonise immediately. France may no longer be a colonial master, but Macron’s actions show that he continues to pull strings in Africa from Paris.’’
About DGA
DGA is a campaign led by African civil society to rid the continent of fossil gas production. The campaign pushes for energy equity and an end to energy apartheid that has left 600 million Africans without access to modern, clean renewable energy. Supported by allies across the world, DGA works to compel governments to serve interests of the people rather than corporate fossil fuel polluters.
Ms. Glory Shirley Ogbuegbu, the Executive Director of Glow Initiative For Economic Empowerment made a powerful remark to express her excitement as her Team in the City of Port Harcourt carried out the campaign on Saving Biodiversity in Rivers State, led by the Team Lead Mr. Smith Nwokocha.
Glow Initiative For Economic Empowerment Team, Port Harcourt
It was a huge success. In the ED’s remark she said: “This made me so happy. For a city dealing daily with soot our team made a real difference in the city of porthacourt last week. Kudos to the Glow Initiative for Economic Empowerment and team in Porthacourt led by Smith Nwokocha for the successful implementation of the Save Biodiversity project.
Clean Up Exercise at Elekahia Market Port Harcourt
The goal is to raise awareness on the dangers to local biodiversity within the cities. We must give nature a chance to thrive.
Clean Up of Rumukalagbor Street, Port Harcourt.
2) We planted trees in:
-secondary schools -community common areas!
3) Educated 1000 students from 3 secondary schools (Government Comprehensive Secondary School, Borikiri, Port Harcourt, Archdeacon Brown Educational Centre-ABEC Group of Schools, Woji, Port Harcourt, and Woodville School, Stadium Road, Port Harcourt, Rivers State) on the importance of biodiversity protection and the role planting trees!
Students of Government Comprehensive Secondary School Borikiri planting Trees to curb Black Soot in Rivers State🌴Planting of Trees 🌴 Exercise at Archdeacon Brown Educational Centre-ABEC Group of Schools to protect the EnvironmentStudents of Woodville School Port Harcourt, planting Trees to preserve biodiversity 🌴in Rivers State
How cool is that?
The Save Biodiversity in Porthacourt Project is the brainchild of #Glow #Initiative and supported by Access Bank PLC.
Plant a tree in your backyard today and remember to reuse and recycle your plastic wastes.#
Some Members of GLEE
The Team Lead (Mr. Smith Nwokocha 🟢⭕), appreciates the efforts of the Founder of Glow Initiative For Economic Empowerment (Ms. Glory Shirley Ogbuegbu), the Project Lead (Mr. Wilfred Okeke), The Executive Director of ABRC Group of Schools (Mrs. Ibim Semenitari), The Proprietress of Woodville School (Mrs. Nnennanya Udochu), The Head Teacher of Government Comprehensive Secondary School, Borikiri (Mr. Desh Cookey) and The Chairman of Elekahia International Market, Port Harcourt (Mr. Census) and of course, the untiring Team members and Volunteers.
Students of Government Comprehensive Secondary School Borikiri Port Harcourt with GLEE TeamArchdeacon Brown Educational Centre-ABEC Group of Schools students with Team GLEESome students of Woodville School Port HarcourtTeam Leader: Mr. Smith Nwokocha (Climate Reality Leader/Actor)
Nnimmo Bassey (Executive Director, Health of Mother Earth Foundation) addressing participants
By: Smith Nwokocha
SCHOOL OF ECOLOGY (HEALTH OF MOTHER EARTH FOUNDATION) ORGANIZED A TWO-DAY WORKSHOP (26TH -27TH SEPTEMBER, 2022) ON “BLUE ECONOMY, DIVESTMENT AND THE END OF FOSSIL AGE” AT HAVILAH TOWERS GOLDEN SUITE HOTEL, UYO.
The training was moderated by Mfoniso Anita (HOMEF Team), followed by a warm welcome address by Nnimmo Bassey (Director, HOMEF). The Director of HOMEF emphasized that, the essence of this kind of training is to; “arm Africans with knowledge, so that Africa will not be a dumping ground”.
Before the shift for a “Blue Economy”, there has been emphasis on “Green Economy”, which in practice is more about placing nature in the marketplace. The idea however, was subverted. “Blue Economy”; idea looks at the Ocean as limitless. By 2050, we may have more plastics than fishes. Particularly, for those of us in the Niger Delta. The Ocean struggle is already around and pirates are on the Sea shores.
End Fossil Fuel: End War Ending the Fossil Age! By Nnimmo Bassey.
Distribution of Climate Impact. “The major driver of Climate Change is the burning of Fossil fuel”. Africa has contributed minimally to the distribution of Global warming, yet the most affected by the impact of Climate Change.
Today, Plantations are still meant for export. “Useful Africa”; it’s a territory of exploitation. Africa and a distorted rights to pollute. Ending the Oil age globally, yet digging for more fossils in Africa. Oil companies plan to sink $230billion in the next decade on new Oil and Gas projects and #1.4trillion by 2050.
“Progress that doesn’t speak with the people, will not be able to address the people”. Nnimmo Bassey. The rights to pollute or extract, is something we have to reject. At a time, when we are supposed to stop fossil fuel, the Oil industry is pumping more money. The sooner, the end of fossil fuel, the better.
Cut Emissions at Source, Climate Debt ignored, Climate Finance-Lip Service.
“If you don’t get the imagination right, you can’t get the money right”. France as a country, made a new law; you can’t get license to operate on fossil fuel.
Nature Based-Solutions. Supposed 2 trillion dollars for Climate Debt. Nature based solutions points towards fictional net-zero (nature absorbs carbon). It is a strategy to silent Africans. According to SHELL- defines “Nature based solutions as a project that protects Land”. The UNFCCC promotes negotiations between state parties and in an unfair and neo-colonial scenario, has transferred their responsibilities to the south. Carbon Market is “False Solutions”.
Simple Solution- “Leave the Oil in the Soil”. After Oil, we will flourish.
Nnimmo Bassey emphasising on the endorsement of NDAC -Niger Delta Alternatives Convergence- Niger Delta Manifesto for Socio Ecological Justice.
Ken Henshaw facilitated on “Examining Policy and Key Issues in Divestment in Nigeria”:
Since 2010, Multi-national Oil Companies have been selling off their On-Shores assets and moving further Off-shore.
Between 2010 and 2014, SHELL quietly sold off 8 Oil mining leases (OML) etc.
In February 2022, Exxon Mobil announced that it has reached an agreement to sell its equity interest etc.
Why are Companies really Divesting?
Clearly distraught by the ruling, SHELL’s CEO declared that “development like we are still seeing at the moment means that we have to take another hard look at our position in On-shore Oil in Nigeria. We cannot solve community problems in the Niger Delta, that’s for the Nigerian Government perhaps to solve”.
Gas Flaring: the environmental dangerous and resource wasteful phenomenon of Gas flaring has been in the Niger Delta for over 6 decades. Despite several flare out date instituted by Nigeria’s Federal Government since 1979.
CLIMATE IMPACT:
A Crude Journey: British Colonialism awarded Oil exploration rights to SHELL D’Acry in 1938. The implementation of large extractive projects requires that the free, prior and informed consent of indigenous people is sought and received before-hand.
‘’The Oil companies wants to leave Nigeria, the same way they came’’.
What is Nigeria’s Divestment Policy? Unfortunately, there is no Policy on Divestment by Nigeria.
What outlook should the Divestment Policy have? a). It should be restorative and corrective of the legacy of extraction. b) It should recognize the historical injustice meted on the people of Oil producing areas and aim to correct them. c) It should recognize that the fossil Age has come to prepare for a transition. d) It should be driven by We The People and not the markets. e). It should adequately establish the link between Oil and Gas extraction and Climate Change impact. f). Strengthening Climate Change adaptation strategies for impacted communities, including in food security, and in migration and housing.
Ken Henshaw emphasising on NDAC Manifesto and the importance of Divestment .
Olatunji Buhari, on “How to Make Corporations pay in the issue of Divestment”; he emphasized that, we need to set the agenda for Divestment and it is our responsibilities as CSO’s, Citizens and Communities impacted by fossil fuel to hold our Government accountable, so that they can hold the Multi-Nationals in regards to restoration bond.
Sofiri Peterside (Prof): Concerning the New NNPC Ltd, it will no longer contribute to the Federal Government on Single Treasury Account. NNPC changing from State owned, now being Commercialized. The change in name will not make any difference in operation. Corruption, ethnicity is so endemic in this Company, how can it then operate efficiently.
Tijah Bolton Akpan: He covers the topic of “Does Nigeria’s PIA Establish Frameworks for a just Transition? Examining the Threats and Faults lines.” The challenges of the PIA is the “Process” and the “Corruption in the Process”. The PIA 2021, a unique opportunity but a missed one. The PIA was unique opportunity to rethink the role of the Oil and Gas Industry in Nigeria. The PIA ultimately fails to account for Climate Change, the Energy transition etc. What is a just energy transition? Energy transitions are about people and power. A just transition requires tackling the challenges faced by Communities and workers as they shift towards sustainable livelihoods…etc. According to Tijah, the following Steps should be adopted; Diversifying away from Oil, Investing in Clean Energy sources, Improving governance, Redressing legacy harms and addressing equity issues.
GLOBAL CONTEXT: An inevitable transition; The Oil Industry currently stands as one of the worst performing sectors in the S & P 580 Index. There are some ethical investors that are beginning to change/stop investment in the Oil Industry.
NATIONAL CONTEXT: A Petroleum predicament, Oil is big business for the Nigerian state, Defunding of Fossil fuel projects combined with the net zero carbon targets, Nigeria sits on the largest export earnings of the Oil and Gas in Sub-Saharan Africa.
What has the PIA done right with regards to the transition? Removal of dual, incestuous powers from the NNPC and transform it to a Public Limited Company. Provide two new regulators NUPRC and NMPDPRA, each for a section of the industry. Provide for transparency of contracts, licenses or leases. Attempt to create a governing framework for Community beneficiation. The Host Community Development Trust and Fund. The PIA provides for 3% OPEX to be contributed to the Community. Recommendations: Review the PIA etc.
Stephen Oduware…‘’IOC’s Divestment Moves’’: The Trilemma faced by Communities; a) Climate Change b) Pollution c) Divestment Drive. The voices of the affected Communities is very essential. Steps to achieving it is through; Advocacy visit, Mapping alliances, community dialogue, target Multilateral spaces and protest where necessary.
DAY 2
Mr. Wale gave detailed insights on “Advocacy”: Advocacy helps us to challenge the way we have done things and thought about Socio-Political, Economic and Environmental issues. Advocacy is about working with people to support them in strengthening their voice. “To be an Activist is to Speak. To be an Advocate is to Listen”…Society can’t move forward without both. Focus on those things that will bring change, not the easy way. Build coalition, timing is key and identify the windows of opportunities and then leverage on it. Communicate: Advocacy is about listening to what people are not saying and what they are saying at the same time.
Oceans, Geo-Engineering and Climate Threats by Neth Dano (Action Group on Erosion, technology and Concentration): Climate Geo-Engineering is simply a set of technologies to intentionally intervene in and after Earth systems on a mega scale. Particularly to manipulate the Climate to counteract some of the effects of Climate change. Proposed Geo-Engineering techniques to intervene in Land, Ocean and Air. Climate change will still continue. Why oppose Science Experiments? Experiments may impact the real world, place, society, environment. Are rarely for “Science”- often hardware development. Geo-Engineering is under UN moratoria. In conclusion, there is no advantage to Geo-Engineering.
Counting the Ecological Costs of the Blue Economy by Nnimmo Bassey: Terms to note are as follows;
Cross section of participants
Dipti Bhatragar Friends of the Earth International: Why Do We Call T.T Climate Justice.
Climate crisis is inherited unjustly. Challenging the Oil and Gas TNCs is critical. Transnational Corporations New escape hatch-the deception of the Net Zero.
No TO Net Zero, The Big CON! Nature based solutions: Wolf in Sheep clothing. COP 27 is another opportunity to fight back against false solutions. We want the Energy transition to be just, fair and equitable. A just Recovery Renewable Energy Plan for Africa. Annual Investment of U.S $130 billion per year needed for this plan. Rich countries need to pay the climate debt. Political statement signed by 50 Organizations in Africa. Food and land solutions for system change. Economic justice solutions for system change. Change in the value system. Ubuntu- I am because, we are Africa.
Q & A: How do we balance Change and Energy need? We are calling for a just transition. Our African leaders, rich countries know about this development, decades ago, yet they have not done anything. So, we need to talk about the Energy Transition urgently and the transition ought to be just, fair and equitable. We need to build solidarity among each other to fight this Climate situation. We need to do this urgently, but we need to do it right.
Prof. Patrick Bond: “Unmasking the Blue Economy Concept in South Africa”.
Corruption between mega-ports of Nigeria and South Africa. Collaboration between Activists in Nigeria and South Africa. “We are losing the fight against Climate Change” …. The Status quo.
Anti-Extraction: Protest correlation. Extractivism’s ten shortcomings- do these apply to the Blue Economy? Community genuine free, prior and informed consent denied, amidst state/capital’s divisive bulldozing or co-optation. Local Ecology loss, degradation and pollution of land, air and water. Opposing offshore Oil and Gas drilling. Violating planetary boundaries (many in Oceans). Global Climate Risk Index.
Blue Economy deployed in Climate managerialism’s ‘’False Solutions’’. Price of natural gas volatile Russia, 2022. Blue Economy can help fight poverty and inequality. Multinational Corporate Profiteers. Rich countries must pay their Climate debt and other Climate damage to affected people. Judging UNFCCC progress by Climate justice criteria: 1. Cut greenhouse gases, adopt sufficiently ambitious and binding global greenhouse gas emission reduction requirements so as to keep temperatures below 1.5c, ensure the cuts are fairly distributed, not imposed. 2. Transition gracefully; ensure job-rich just transition from carbon=addicted economies for all affected workers and communities during carbonization …. 3. Redress social injustices; empower oppressed constituencies in racial-justice …. 4. Manage green technology as a global public good; allow dissemination of climate friendly technology and localized production technology. 5. Leave fossil in the ground. 6. Finance planetary and social survival; apply carbon taxation and pricing judiciously. Book by Prof. Patrick Bond: “Politics of Climate Justice”.
Desmond D’sa: “Connecting the Blue Economy”.
People Power: Organizing people. Oil and Gas companies should go parking, we don’t want them in our shorelines, exploring. We must have the rights to say NO to mining, to Oil and Gas and that should be our law. Collectively, we need to walk and talk on “Divestment”. We need ethical investors and end abuse to people’s conscience that are destroying our communities and the planet at large. Repatriation, Restoration and Remediation from the Oil and Gas companies, because of the emission and damages by them that have affected our people and communities. Education is key, we need to train our people and arm them with knowledge. We need to educate our people that whatever that is proposed by the multinationals are not an alternative. Education to the communities to know how to deal with the Multinationals/Big corporations. We don’t need their Oil money, its dirty money, that kills innocent people, we need better alternatives. Leave no one behind; there is a lot of commonalities among us, we should drop our differences and work together. To fight big corporation; let the communities document facts against the activities of the big corporation. Ensure that the voices of the people on ground is strong. Ensure the constitution are for the people, work together to use it as a tactics to beat big corporation. Have regular meetings with the people. We need to integrate these struggles to our struggles to fight the common enemy.
Closing Remark:
The Executive Director of HOMEF (Nnimmo Bassey); appreciates all the facilitators, participants for a power packed two-days engaging sessions on “Blue Economy”. Some of the takeaway; “In fighting together, we can fight better and stronger”. False Solutions on Blue Economy. “We are in for many generations of struggle for restoration to happen”. Solidarity; its love on the street, meeting together. When you say “No” to anything, say “No” to alternatives, even if its inconvenient
WORLD ENVIRONMENT DAY 2020 (ZOOM SESSION HELD ONLINE FROM PORT HARCOURT), HOSTED BY SMITH NWOKOCHA, A UN VOLUNTEER, A MEMBER OF UNEP MCGY, ADMINISTRATOR OF FRIDAY-FOR-FUTURE, NIGERIA AND A VOLUNTEER OF 350.ORG.
In his opening remark, Smith Nwokocha, emphasized, that it is time to nurture nature instead of damaging and destroying nature. Just like the theme of this year “Celebrating BIODIVERSITY”, focusing on “Time For Nature”. The pandemic has taught us that we cannot operate in isolation, but to come together and accelerate the progress of any issues or task. We know it is possible. We need to invest in what is to come, not what is here.
The Executive Director (Inger Andersen) of UN Environment Programme (UNEP); in her speech at WED 2020. She said; “As we mark a most unusual #WorldEnvironmentDay, it is time to remember that when we protect the planet, we protect ourselves. It is time #ForNature, because, this will help us: (a) Lower risk of future pandemics. (b) Slow Climate Change. (C) #BuildBackBetter and healthier than before.
Student of Our Lady of Fatima College, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria, introduced a device that could filter air, a solution device to curb the Black SOOT in Rivers State. Such a Novell idea.
FIRST SPEAKER: ADITYA SIVA DAS (INDIAN).
Why should the youth advocate climate change and mark world Environmental Day?
On Friday, 20th September 2019, 350.org in partnership
with Eco-Network marked the Global Climate Strike Day by organizing an
Awareness Walk and Sensitization Session in the City of Port-Harcourt, Rivers
State, Nigeria. #ClimateStrike #AfrikaVuka
The Convener Amb. Smith Nwokocha during the sensitization period
before the Walk, he emphasized that the Government, Multinationals, Corporate
Organizations, CSOs, the Media including Individuals need to come together and
collaborate to find lasting solutions to Climate Change, especially as the
State is faced with BLACK SOOT among other Climate Change challenges, which is
as a result of Climate Change. And Amb. Nwokocha, further appeal to the
Government and relevant Stakeholders to engage individuals involved in Oil
bunkering and other illegal Oil dealings rather than disperse them. Finally, he
mentioned that individuals and agencies should stay away from activities contributing
to Climate Change.
PHwakawaka 